Arundhati Roy with Edward Snowden and John Cusack. Photograph: Ole Von Vexhull
Saturday 28 November 2015 06.00 EST
The Moscow Un-Summit wasn’t a formal interview. Nor was it a cloak-and-dagger underground rendezvous. The upshot is that John Cusack, Daniel Ellsberg (who leaked the Pentagon Papers during the Vietnam war) and I didn’t get the cautious, diplomatic, regulation Edward Snowden. The downshot (that isn’t a word, I know) is that the jokes, the humour and repartee that took place in Room 1001 cannot be reproduced. The Un-Summit cannot be written about in the detail that it deserves. Yet it definitely cannot not be written about. Because it did happen. And because the world is a millipede that inches forward on millions of real conversations. And this, certainly, was a real one.
What mattered, perhaps even more than what was said, was the spirit in the room. There was Edward Snowden who, after 9/11, was in his own words “straight up singing highly of Bush” and signing up for the Iraq war. And there were those of us who, after 9/11, had been straight up doing exactly the opposite. It was a little late for this conversation, of course. Iraq has been all but destroyed. And now the map of what is so condescendingly called the “Middle East” is being brutally redrawn (yet again). But still, there we were, all of us, talking to each other in a bizarre hotel in Russia. Bizarre it certainly was.
читать дальшеThe opulent lobby of the Moscow Ritz-Carlton was teeming with drunk millionaires, high on new money, and gorgeous, high-stepping young women, half peasant, half supermodel, draped on the arms of toady men – gazelles on their way to fame and fortune, paying their dues to the satyrs who would get them there. In the corridors, you passed serious fistfights, loud singing and quiet, liveried waiters wheeling trolleys with towers of food and silverware in and out of rooms. In Room 1001 we were so close to the Kremlin that if you put your hand out of the window, you could almost touch it. It was snowing outside. We were deep into the Russian winter – never credited enough for its part in the second world war. Edward Snowden was much smaller than I thought he’d be. Small, lithe, neat, like a house cat. He greeted Dan ecstatically and us warmly. “I know why you’re here,” he said to me, smiling. “Why?” “To radicalise me.” I laughed. We settled down on various perches, stools, chairs and John’s bed. Dan and Ed were so pleased to meet each other, and had so much to say to each other, that it felt a little impolite to intrude on them. At times they broke into some kind of arcane code language: “I jumped from nobody on the street, straight to TSSCI.” “No, because, again, this isn’t DS at all, this is NSA. At CIA, it’s called COMO.” “It’s kind of a similar role, but is it under support?” “PRISEC or PRIVAC?” “They start out with the TALENT KEYHOLE thing. Everyone then gets read into TS, SI, TK, and GAMMA-G clearance… Nobody knows what it is…”
We spoke about whether the economic sanctions and subsequent invasion of Iraq could be accurately called genocide
It took a while before I felt it was all right to interrupt them. Snowden’s disarming answer to my question about being photographed cradling the American flag was to roll his eyes and say: “Oh, man. I don’t know. Somebody handed me a flag, they took a picture.” And when I asked him why he signed up for the Iraq war, when millions of people all over the world were marching against it, he replied, equally disarmingly: “I fell for the propaganda.”
EDITOR’S NOTE: AN INTERESTING ESSAY ON SNOWDEN, WELL WRITTEN, AS ONE MIGHT EXPECT, BUT MARRED BY ARUNDHATI ROY’S TOTALLY GRATUITOUS DIG AT PUTIN. AMAZING HOW LIBERALS —EVEN LIBERALS WHO CLAIM TO HAVE READ MARX—CAN’T SEEM TO RESIST EQUATING THE SORDID, HYPOCRITICAL AND METASTASIZING EVIL OF THE AMERICAN EMPIRE WITH RUSSIA’S ACTIONS IN THE WORLD, AT BEST AN OBTUSE, AND ULTIMATELY SELF-DEFEATING WAY OF LOOKING AT THE CHOICES HUMANITY FACES.
Dan talked at some length about how it would be unusual for US citizens who joined the Pentagon and the National Security Agency to have read much literature on US exceptionalism and its history of warfare. (And once they joined, it was unlikely to be a subject that interested them.) He and Ed had watched it play out live, in real time, and were horrified enough to stake their lives and their freedom when they decided to be whistleblowers. What the two of them clearly had in common was a strong, almost corporeal sense of moral righteousness – of right and wrong.
A sense of righteousness that was obviously at work not just when they decided to blow the whistle on what they thought to be morally unacceptable, but also when they signed up for their jobs – Dan to save his country from communism, Ed to save it from Islamist terrorism. What they did when they grew disillusioned was so electrifying, so dramatic, that they have come to be identified by that single act of moral courage.
Edward Snowden and Arundhati Roy. Photograph: Courtesy of John Cusack
I asked Ed Snowden what he thought about Washington’s ability to destroy countries and its inability to win a war (despite mass surveillance). I think the question was phrased quite rudely – something like, “When was the last time the United States won a war?” We spoke about whether the economic sanctions and subsequent invasion of Iraq could be accurately called genocide. We talked about how the CIA knew – and was preparing for the fact – that the world was heading to a place of not just inter-country war but of intra-country war, in which mass surveillance would be necessary to control populations. And about how armies were being turned into police forces to administer countries they have invaded and occupied, while the police – even in places such as India and Pakistan and Ferguson, Missouri, in the United States – were being trained to behave like armies to quell internal insurrections. Ed spoke at some length about surveillance. And here I quote him, because he’s said this often before: “If we do nothing, we sort of sleepwalk into a total surveillance state where we have both a super-state that has unlimited capacity to apply force with an unlimited ability to know (about the people it is targeting) – and that’s a very dangerous combination. That’s the dark future. The fact that they know everything about us and we know nothing about them – because they are secret, they are privileged, and they are a separate class… the elite class, the political class, the resource class – we don’t know where they live, we don’t know what they do, we don’t know who their friends are. They have the ability to know all that about us. This is the direction of the future, but I think there are changing possibilities in this.”
I wondered, though I did not ask – how different would things have been if Edward Snowden had not been white?
I asked Ed whether the NSA was just feigning annoyance at his revelations, but might actually be secretly pleased at being known as the All Seeing, All Knowing Agency – because that would help to keep people fearful, off-balance, always looking over their shoulders and easy to manage. Dan spoke about how even in the US, a police state was only another 9/11 away: “We are not in a police state now, not yet. I’m talking about what may come. I realise I shouldn’t put it that way… White, middle-class, educated people like myself are not living in a police state… Black, poor people are living in a police state. The repression starts with the semi-white, the Middle Easterners, including anybody who is allied with them, and goes on from there… One more 9/11, and then I believe we will have hundreds of thousands of detentions. Middle Easterners and Muslims will be put in detention camps or deported. After 9/11, we had thousands of people arrested without charges… But I’m talking about the future. I’m talking the level of the Japanese in the second world war… I’m talking of hundreds of thousands in camps or deported. I think the surveillance is very relevant to that. They will know who to put away – the data is already collected.” (When he said this, I did wonder, though I did not ask – how different would things have been if Snowden had not been white?)
We talked about war and greed, about terrorism, and what an accurate definition of it would be. We spoke about countries, flags and the meaning of patriotism. We talked about public opinion and the concept of public morality and how fickle it could be, and how easily manipulated. It wasn’t a Q&A type of conversation. We were an incongruous gathering. Ole von Uexküll from the Right Livelihood Foundation in Sweden, myself and three troublesome Americans. John Cusack, who thought up and organised this whole disruptive enterprise, comes from a fine tradition, too – of musicians, writers, actors, athletes who have refused to buy the bullshit, however beautifully it was packaged.
What will become of Edward Snowden? Will he ever be able to return to the US? His chances don’t look good. The US government – the Deep State, as well as both the major political parties – wants to punish him for the enormous damage he has inflicted, in their perception, on the security establishment. (It’s got Chelsea Manning and the other whistleblowers where it wants them.) If it does not manage to kill or jail Snowden, it must use everything in its power to limit the damage he’s done and continues to do. One of those ways is to try to contain, co-opt and usher the debate around whistleblowing in a direction that suits it. And it has, to some extent, managed to do that.
In the Public Security v Mass Surveillance debate that is taking place in the establishment western media, the Object of Love is America. America and her actions. Are they moral or immoral? Are they right or wrong? Are the whistleblowers American patriots or American traitors? Within this constricted matrix of morality, other countries, other cultures, other conversations – even if they are the victims of US wars – usually appear only as witnesses in the main trial. They bolster either the outrage of the prosecution or the indignation of the defence.
The trial, when it is conducted on these terms, serves to reinforce the idea that there can be a moderate, moral superpower. Are we not witnessing it in action? Its heartache? Its guilt? Its self-correcting mechanisms? Its watchdog media? Its activists who will not stand for ordinary (innocent) American citizens being spied on by their own government? In these debates that appear to be fierce and intelligent, words such as public and security and terrorism are thrown around, but they remain, as always, loosely defined and are used more often than not in the way the US state would like them to be used.
It is shocking that Barack Obama approved a “kill list” with 20 names on it. Or is it? What sort of list do the millions of people who have been killed in all the US wars belong on, if not a “kill list”? In all of this, Snowden, in exile, has to remain strategic and tactical. He’s in the impossible position of having to negotiate the terms of his amnesty/trial with the very institutions in the US that feel betrayed by him, and the terms of his domicile in Russia with that Great Humanitarian, Vladimir Putin. So the superpowers have the Truth-teller in a position where he now has to be extremely careful about how he uses the spotlight he has earned and what he says publicly.
Isn’t the greatness of great nations directly proportionate to their ability to be ruthless, genocidal?
Even so, leaving aside what cannot be said, the conversation around whistleblowing is a thrilling one – it’s Realpolitik – busy, important and full of legalese. It has spies and spy-hunters, escapades, secrets and secret-leakers. It’s a very adult and absorbing universe of its own. However, if it becomes, as it sometimes threatens to, a substitute for broader, more radical political thinking, then the conversation that Daniel Berrigan, Jesuit priest, poet and war resister (contemporary of Daniel Ellsberg), wanted to have when he said, “Every nation-state tends towards the imperial – that is the point” becomes a little inconvenient.
I was glad to see that when Snowden made his debut on Twitter (and chalked up half a million followers in half a second), he said, “I used to work for the government. Now I work for the public.” Implicit in that sentence is the belief that the government does not work for the public. That’s the beginning of a subversive and inconvenient conversation. By “the government”, of course, he means the US government, his former employer. But who does he mean by “the public”? The US public? Which part of the US public? He’ll have to decide as he goes along. In democracies, the line between an elected government and “the public” is never all that clear. The elite is usually fused with the government pretty seamlessly. Viewed from an international perspective, if there really is such a thing as “the US public”, it’s a very privileged public indeed. The only “public” I know is a maddeningly tricky labyrinth. Oddly, when I think back on the meeting in the Moscow Ritz-Carlton, the memory that flashes up first in my mind is an image of Daniel Ellsberg. Dan, after all those hours of talking, lying back on the bed, Christlike, with his arms flung open, weeping for what the United States has turned into – a country whose “best people” must either go to prison or into exile. I was moved by his tears but troubled, too – because they were the tears of a man who has seen the machine up close. A man who was once on a first-name basis with the people who controlled it and who coldly contemplated the idea of annihilating life on Earth. A man who risked everything to blow the whistle on them. Dan knows all the arguments, For as well as Against. He often uses the word imperialism to describe US history and foreign policy. He knows now, 40 years after he made the Pentagon Papers public, that even though those particular individuals have gone, the machine keeps on turning.
Daniel Ellsberg’s tears made me think about love, about loss, about dreams – and, most of all, about failure. What sort of love is this love that we have for countries? What sort of country is it that will ever live up to our dreams? What sort of dreams were these that have been broken? Isn’t the greatness of great nations directly proportionate to their ability to be ruthless, genocidal? Doesn’t the height of a country’s “success” usually also mark the depths of its moral failure? And what about our failure? Writers, artists, radicals, anti-nationals, mavericks, malcontents – what of the failure of our imaginations? What of our failure to replace the idea of flags and countries with a less lethal Object of Love? Human beings seem unable to live without war, but they are also unable to live without love. So the question is, what shall we love?
Writing this at a time when refugees are flooding into Europe – the result of decades of US and European foreign policy in the “Middle East” – makes me wonder: who is a refugee? Is Edward Snowden a refugee? Surely, he is. Because of what he did, he cannot return to the place he thinks of as his country (although he can continue to live where he is most comfortable – inside the internet). The refugees fleeing from wars in Afghanistan, Iraq and Syria to Europe are refugees of the Lifestyle Wars. But the thousands of people in countries such as India who are being jailed and killed by those same Lifestyle Wars, the millions who are being driven off their lands and farms, exiled from everything they have ever known – their language, their history, the landscape that formed them – are not. As long as their misery is contained within the arbitrarily drawn borders of their “own” country, they are not considered refugees. But they are refugees. And certainly, in terms of numbers, such people are the great majority in the world today. Unfortunately, in imaginations that are locked down into a grid of countries and borders, in minds that are shrink-wrapped in flags, they don’t make the cut. Perhaps the best-known refugee of the Lifestyle Wars is Julian Assange, the founder and editor of WikiLeaks, who is currently serving his fourth year as a fugitive-guest in a room in the Ecuadorian embassy in London. Until recently, the police were stationed in a small lobby just outside the front door. There were snipers on the roof, with orders to arrest him, shoot him, drag him out if he so much as put a toe out of the door, which for all legal purposes is an international border. The Ecuadorian embassy is located across the street from Harrods, the world’s most famous department store.
The day we met Julian, Harrods was sucking in and spewing out frenzied Christmas shoppers in their hundreds, or perhaps even thousands. In the middle of that tony London high street, the smell of opulence and excess met the smell of incarceration and the Free World’s fear of free speech. (They shook hands and agreed never to be friends.) On the day (actually the night) we met Julian, we were not allowed by security to take phones, cameras or any recording devices into the room. So that conversation also remains off the record.
Despite the odds stacked against its founder-editor, WikiLeaks continues its work, as cool and insouciant as ever. Most recently it has offered an award of $100,000 for anybody who can provide “smoking gun” documents about the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP), a free trade agreement between Europe and the United States that aims to give multinational corporations the power to sue sovereign governments that do things that adversely impact corporate profits. Criminal acts could include governments increasing workers’ minimum wages, not seen to be cracking down on “terrorist” villagers who impede the work of mining companies, or, say, having the temerity to turn down Monsanto’s offer of genetically modified corporate-patented seeds. TTIP is just another weapon like intrusive surveillance or depleted uranium, to be used in the Lifestyle Wars.
Looking at Julian Assange sitting across the table from me, pale and worn, without having had five minutes of sunshine on his skin for 900 days, but still refusing to disappear or capitulate the way his enemies would like him to, I smiled at the idea that nobody thinks of him as an Australian hero or an Australian traitor. To his enemies, Assange has betrayed much more than a country. He has betrayed the ideology of the ruling powers. For this, they hate him even more than they hate Edward Snowden. And that’s saying a lot.
We’re told, often enough, that as a species we are poised on the edge of the abyss. It’s possible that our puffed-up, prideful intelligence has outstripped our instinct for survival and the road back to safety has already been washed away. In which case there’s nothing much to be done. If there is something to be done, then one thing is for sure: those who created the problem will not be the ones who come up with a solution. Encrypting our emails will help, but not very much. Recalibrating our understanding of what love means, what happiness means – and, yes, what countries mean – might. Recalibrating our priorities might.
An old-growth forest, a mountain range or a river valley is more important and certainly more lovable than any country will ever be. I could weep for a river valley, and I have. But for a country? Oh, man, I don’t know…
Темнейший в пиаре не нуждается, его и так порядком разрекламировали мировые СМИ - своими визгами и истериками в его адрес. По десять раз на дню о нём орут, как недорезанные, через раз упоминая и вывешивая хрестоматийные "полуголые" фотки, - и ещё удивляются, отчего это вдруг популярность прёт, аки тесто на дрожжах. Купил, наверное, всех, как пить дать. Ну а что он спокойно, без истерик и лишних размахиваний руками делает своё дело, - так то вообще-то нормальное человеческое поведение. Видать, для одичавшего запада это уже стало экзотикой.
"Харизматичная фигура Владимира Путина", мастерски использующего мировые СМИ, сегодня не имеет себе равных, пишет Ронн Торосян в The Observer. По его словам, пока Обама бряцает своей саблей, Россия использует танки и авиацию.
МОСКВА, 13 ноя — РИА Новости. Когда в 2013 году российский лидер вынудил США отказаться от проведения операции против Асада в Сирии или после 2014 года, ознаменовавшегося действиями Москвы по присоединению Крыма, не встретившими особых препятствий со стороны Запада, стало очевидно, что "в мире СМИ и пиара харизматичная фигура Владимира Путина не имеет себе равных", пишет директор одного из крупнейших американских пиар-агентств Ронн Торосян в статье в The Observer. Соединенные Штаты сегодня плохо подготовлены к противостоянию с бывшим СССР, констатирует Торосян. По его словам, макиавеллиевский гений разыгрывает шахматную партию, тогда как Вашингтон довольствуется шашками.
В ходе недавнего скандала вокруг американских нападок на RT (ранее Russia Today) Дэвид Креймер, член "Института международного лидерства Маккейна" (The McCain Institute For International Leadership), разразился антироссийской тирадой в Washington Post. В статье под названием "Западу пора бросить вызов путинской пиар-машине" Креймер поддержал замораживание активов RT, при этом упустив из виду немаловажный факт — канал не является собственностью российского государства. Далее он перепутал RT с информационным агентством "Россия сегодня", которое не является структурой, связанной с RT. Креймер пытается заставить критику замолчать, разжигая вражду с помощью предрассудков и невежества, пишет Торосян. Он не обременяет себя проверкой собственных утверждений, хотя факты в войне слов имеют значение, особенно если это противостояние с очень умным оппонентом из России.
В своем остроумном ответе в авторской колонке главный редактор RT Маргарита Симоньян написала: "Учитывая, что имущество RT не является государственным, его арест был бы в высшей степени незаконным… Хотя кого беспокоят факты или законность? Когда речь идет о том, чтобы заставить RT замолчать и наказать Россию, любые средства хороши". Далее Симоньян добавила: "По иронии судьбы призывы ограничить деятельность RT часто раздаются от тех, кто восхваляет достоинства многообразия и демократии. Сейчас они хотят заставить замолчать редкий голос инакомыслия, идущий вразрез с их линией подачи материала". Эта "рука российской пропаганды — рупор правительства Путина" на английском языке — напоминает США о Первой поправке к американской конституции, отмечает Торосян. Простой и неопровержимый факт — Владимир Путин мастерски использовал мировые СМИ и в итоге в третий раз подряд стал самым влиятельным человеком в мире по версии журнала Forbes. В то время как Обама бряцает своей саблей, Россия использует танки и авиацию.
"Американский король — голый, тогда как Путин с обнаженным торсом скачет на коне", — пишет Торосян.
Резюмируя, он выражает надежду, что следующий американский президент будет иметь представление о новых правилах пиара.
Товарищи, со мной случилось невероятное - мне подарили швабру для селфи! Сама себе не купила бы её ни под каким видом - думала, ну на кой она мне чёрт, разве что врагов по кумполам бить... А тут здрасьте - подарок. Сейчас ржём, как лошади, всей квартирой, испытания проводим.
Добрый вечер, уважаемые друзья! От имени российского народа разрешите поприветствовать, в вашем лице, население всех стран Земли! Прежде всего, представителей стран Евразийского экономического союза, наших друзей из БРИКС, представителей наших стран-партнеров из Южной Америки, Африки, Азии, стран арабского мира и др. - Разрешите начать мою речь… - Эй, Путин! – бесцеремонно перебил речь президента России Барак Обама. – Ты забыл упомянуть в своем приветствии США и Евросоюз! - Ничего я не забыл, - сухо ответил Владимир Владимирович. – Я же русским языком произнес – «И др.». Барак плюхнулся в свое кресло и стал ожесточенно жевать, бешено вращая выпученными глазами. - Я продолжу, - вздохнул Путин. – Наше сегодняшнее заседание проходит в условиях непростой геополитической обстановки. Планету терзают кризисы: экономические, военные, гуманитарные. Настало время нам всем объединится, чтобы определить первопричину кризисов и найти способы их разрешения. Раздался глухой стук. Делегаты дружно повернули головы в сторону Петра Порошенко. Петр Алексеевич нечаянно выронил свою любимую фляжку с коньяком, и теперь искал ее под стулом, демонстрируя всей Генассамблее свой упитанный зад. - Итак, - повысил голос Владимир Владимирович, постучав ручкой по графину, - результаты анализа кризиса нашей цивилизации показывают, что источник ее нестабильности находиться на территории Северной Америки. Море делегатских голов заволновалось, крики поддержки и одобрения смешались с недовольными возгласами проамериканских представителей. Обама перестал жевать и задумался, он плохо представлял карту Северной Америки, но интуитивно почувствовал в словах российского президента подвох. - Таким образом, - продолжил свою речь Путин, - устранив этот источник бед, мы создадим условия для долгосрочного гармоничного развития нашей цивилизации на долгие годы вперед. Мы предлагаем совместно создавать такой мир, где будут учтены национальные интересы и особенности каждой страны, каждого народа, пожелания, свободы и устремления каждого человека! Почти все присутствующие дружно поднялись со своих мест, аплодируя словам российского президента, кроме нескольких маргиналов. - Так выпьем же за здоровье нашего дорогого Барака Хусейновича! – радостно провозгласил на весь зал Петр Алексеевич, размахивая фляжкой, всеобщее воодушевление ему явно импонировало. Но Обама не разделил общую радость делегатов. До его сознания дошло, наконец, на что намекал Владимир Владимирович, и его лицо почернело от злости. - Слушайте, вы все! – заорал он, вскочив со своего места. – Да я вас в бараний рог! Да мы вас в порошок! Да знаете ли вы, что такое наша великая, исключительная, могучая, непобедимая… Барак замолчал, эту речь ему не подготовили, а собственный запас слов был исчерпан. Обама покрутил головой и увидел рядом довольное, улыбающееся лицо Петра Порошенко. В следующий миг кулак Барака поразил эту мишень со всей накопившейся злостью, беспомощное тело украинского президента перелетело через два ряда и приземлилось на пухленькую представительницу Зимбабве. Охрана подскочила к разбушевавшемуся президенту США и поволокла его к выходу, Барак сучил ногами и продолжал выкрикивать угрозы. Владимир Путин с грустью наблюдал за этой картиной. - Прошу прощения за этот неприятный инцидент. – обратился он к делегатам. – Как видите, представители США не могут поддерживать общепринятые цивилизационные нормы поведения даже в здании ООН. Что же говорить о действиях их спецслужб, армии, многочисленных неправительственных организаций? - Дорогие друзья! – подытожил российский президент. - Мы давно предлагали перенести штаб-квартиру ООН на территорию нейтральной страны. И я с радостью могу сообщить вам сегодня, что следующие заседание Генассамблеи состоится в новом уникальном комплексе, которое построено в сжатые сроки в городе Воронеже! Надеюсь, что наша страна окажется достойной вашего выбора и вы оцените традиционное гостеприимство нашего народа. Теперь нашу общую судьбу будут решать не кулуарные договоренности нескольких групп мироправителей, не деньги и не сила оружия, а выборные органы представителей каждого народа. Мы приложим все усилия для того, чтобы никогда больше на Земле не лилась кровь жертв человеческой алчности, чтобы ограниченные ресурсы нашей планеты были экономно и справедливо распределены между всех ее жителей. Мы сделаем выводы из нашей неблагополучной истории последних веков и постараемся создать мир, в котором все конфликты будут разрешаться за столом переговоров. - Поздравляю все делегации и, в их лице, все народы мира с началом новой эры – Эры Всеобщей Гармонии! (Бурные и продолжительны аплодисменты).
Документальный фильм - "Как убивали Югославию. Тень Дейтона" (2015)
21 ноября 1995 года мировые информационные агентства передали срочную новость из Соединенных Штатов Америки. На военной базе в Дейтоне президентами Сербии, Хорватии и лидером боснийских мусульман было подписано соглашение о прекращении гражданской войны в Боснии и Герцеговине. В соответствии с ним эта часть бывшей Югославии отныне разделялась на мусульмано-хорватскую федерацию и Республику Сербскую. Для контроля за границами и поддержки перемирия туда вводятся международные силы под командованием НАТО – всего 60 тысяч человек, половину из которых составляют американцы. Сербы, которые к этому моменту контролировали почти 75% территории Боснии и Герцеговины, пошли на серьезные уступки и согласились оставить себе только 49% территории. Это было сделано ради прекращения гражданской войны, которая к этому времени фактически уничтожила бывшую Югославию.
В Дейтоне президент США Клинтон заявит журналистам о "ключевой роли" Слободана Милошевича в прекращении гражданской войны и назовет сербского президента "гарантом мира на Балканах". Всего через несколько лет после этих заявлений Сербия подвергнется сокрушительным ракетно-бомбовым ударам со стороны США и стран НАТО, потеряет Косово, а Слободан Милошевич умрет при загадочных обстоятельствах в тюрьме Гаагского трибунала.